Composition and Properties of Nickel-based Alloys

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As the world deals with potential supply shortages, oil prices are soaring again, with more dramatic spikes and sudden drops expected.

For consumers, that means more expensive gas for longer - prices at the pump remain above $4 a gallon. For the economy, that means more inflation. In addition to the pressure on consumers, any business that relies on oil -- from airlines and truck drivers to chemical companies and plastics producers -- will face higher costs.

Mr Pickering estimates that 2m to 3m barrels a day of Russian oil shipped by water are frozen out of the market with no direct buyers. Due to the soaring oil price, the price of the Inconel 625 powder in the chemical industry will also

 be greatly affected. He said China and India are continuing to buy Russian crude. "I'm sure there will be others willing to take on more over time," he said. Mr Pickering said he did not expect oil to return to $130 a barrel, but added that it could happen. West Texas Intermediate for April settled 7% higher at $112.12 a barrel on Monday.

Francisco Branch, head of commodities and derivatives at Bank of America, said the US market was ready for cyclical price spikes and price swings in the product name.

What is a nickel-based alloy?

Nickel-based alloys refer to a class of alloys that have high strength and a certain degree of oxidation and corrosion resistance at a high temperature of 650 to 1000 ℃.

According to the main properties, it is divided into nickel-based heat-resistant alloys, nickel-based corrosion resistant alloys, nickel-based wear-resistant alloys, nickel-based precision alloys and nickel-based shape memory alloys.

According to the different substrates, superalloys are divided into iron-based superalloys, nickel-based superalloys and cobalt-based superalloys. Among them, nickel-based superalloys are referred to as nickel-based alloys.

Representative materials of nickel-based alloys are:

1. Incoloy alloy, such as Incoloy800, the main component is: 32Ni-21Cr-Ti, Al; it is a heat-resistant alloy;

2. Inconel alloy, such as Inconel600, the main component is; 73Ni-15Cr-Ti, Al; it is a heat-resistant alloy;

3. Hastelloy alloy, namely Hastelloy alloy, such as Hastelloy C-276, the main component is: 56Ni-16Cr-16Mo-4W; it belongs to corrosion-resistant alloy;

4. Monel alloy, namely Monel alloy, such as Monel 400, the main component is; 65Ni-34Cu; belongs to the corrosion-resistant alloy;

Composition and properties of nickel-based alloys

Nickel-based superalloys are the most widely used. The main reason is that, firstly, more alloying elements can be dissolved in the nickel-based alloy, and good structure stability can be maintained; secondly, a coherent and ordered A3B-type intermetallic compound γ[Ni3(Al, Ti)] can be formed. As a strengthening phase, the alloy is effectively strengthened, and higher high temperature strength is obtained than iron-based superalloys and cobalt-based superalloys; third, nickel-based alloys containing chromium have better oxidation and resistance than iron-based superalloys Gas corrosion ability.

Nickel-based alloys contain more than ten elements, of which Cr mainly plays an anti-oxidation and anti-corrosion role, and other elements mainly play a strengthening role. According to their strengthening action mode, they can be divided into: solid solution strengthening elements such as tungsten, molybdenum, cobalt, chromium and vanadium; precipitation strengthening elements such as aluminum, titanium, niobium and tantalum; grain boundary strengthening elements such as boron, zirconium, Magnesium and rare earth elements, etc.

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